Freshwater Species
Nelson’s rivers, streams, wetlands, and springs support a diverse range of native freshwater species, many of which are found nowhere else in the world. These species are an important part of the region’s natural heritage and play key roles in freshwater ecosystems.
Healthy freshwater habitats support fish, invertebrates, plants, and birds, and are closely linked to water quality, river flows, and land management across catchments.
Fish Species
Native freshwater fish species that call Nelson waterways home include:
- Tuna (longfin and shortfin eels)
- Inanga / whitebait
- Kōaro
- Bullies (Common, Bluegill, Redgill, Giant and Upland)
Many of these species are migratory, moving between freshwater and the sea during different stages of their life cycle. These species rely on clean water, stable habitats, and connected waterways to survive and thrive.
Freshwater Fish Species and Distribution in Nelson
Nelson City Council has produced a report summarising the distribution and spawning of freshwater fish within waterways administered by the Council. The report provides an overview of native and introduced freshwater fish species, including freshwater crayfish (kōura), and where they are known to occur across the Nelson region.
Species records are sourced primarily from the NIWA Freshwater Fish Database (FFDB) and are current to December 2014. The report and associated maps show:
- the distribution of freshwater fish across NCC waterways
- known spawning and habitat areas
- catchments where species have been recorded
Fish distribution maps are available for the Maitai/Mahitahi, Stoke Streams, Wakapuaka, and Whangamoa catchments.
For further information about freshwater fish species, fish surveys, or opportunities to take part in stream restoration projects, contact Paul Fisher - paul.fisher@ncc.govt.nz or call 03 546 0200.
Freshwater Fish Sightings Web Map
The Freshwater Fish Sightings web map displays the distribution of native freshwater fish across the Nelson region. The map is updated annually as new survey data becomes available.
Freshwater Invertebrates
Freshwater ecosystems also support a wide variety of invertebrates, such as aquatic insects, snails, and kōura, which are essential for nutrient cycling and as food sources for fish and birds.
Many of these species rely on clean water and healthy riparian margins.
Freshwater Aquatic and Riparian Plants
These plants help stabilise streambanks, filter runoff, provide shade, and create habitat.
A few that you'll find in and around Nelson waterways
- Coryline australis / Cabbage Tree
- Coprosma propinqua / Mingimingi
- Carex and Juncus varieties
- Phormium tenax / Harakeke / swap flax
- Leptocarpus similis / oioi / jointed rush
For more information on types of plant species in Nelson, check out the Living Heritage Guide.
Learn more abouts Wetlands here - page coming soon
